Schultz et al. 2011 in public relations review
Statusupdates microbloggen
THE State of THE bligosphere
Brian solis
dinsdag 24 januari 2012
maandag 23 januari 2012
slideshare over comm. en social media
slideshow over social media en criss communication
nog een: social media
dit is deel 1 van wall street journal
nog een: social media
dit is deel 1 van wall street journal
woensdag 18 januari 2012
taalanalyse en sentiment analyse
Using appraisal groups for sentiment analysis
Little work to date in sentiment analysis (classifying texts by `positive' or `negative' orientation) has attempted to use fine-grained semantic distinctions in features used for classification. We present a new method for sentiment classification based on extracting and analyzing appraisal groups such as ``very good'' or ``not terribly funny''. An appraisal group is represented as a set of attribute values in several task-independent semantic taxonomies, based on Appraisal Theory. Semi-automated methods were used to build a lexicon of appraising adjectives and their modifiers. We classify movie reviews using features based upon these taxonomies combined with standard ``bag-of-words'' features, and report state-of-the-art accuracy of 90.2%. In addition, we find that some types of appraisal appear to be more significant for sentiment classification than others.
pdf
Little work to date in sentiment analysis (classifying texts by `positive' or `negative' orientation) has attempted to use fine-grained semantic distinctions in features used for classification. We present a new method for sentiment classification based on extracting and analyzing appraisal groups such as ``very good'' or ``not terribly funny''. An appraisal group is represented as a set of attribute values in several task-independent semantic taxonomies, based on Appraisal Theory. Semi-automated methods were used to build a lexicon of appraising adjectives and their modifiers. We classify movie reviews using features based upon these taxonomies combined with standard ``bag-of-words'' features, and report state-of-the-art accuracy of 90.2%. In addition, we find that some types of appraisal appear to be more significant for sentiment classification than others.
Sentiment Analysis Opinion Mining
Opinion Mining and Sentiment AnalysisAn important part of our information-gathering behavior has always been to find out what other people think. With the growing availability and popularity of opinion-rich resources such as online review sites and personal blogs, new opportunities and challenges arise as people now can, and do, actively use information technologies to seek out and understand the opinions of others. The sudden eruption of activity in the area of opinion mining and sentiment analysis, which deals with the computational treatment of opinion, sentiment, and subjectivity in text, has thus occurred at least in part as a direct response to the surge of interest in new systems that deal directly with opinions as a first-class object.
This survey covers techniques and approaches that promise to directly enable opinion-oriented information-seeking systems. Our focus is on methods that seek to address the new challenges raised by sentiment-aware applications, as compared to those that are already present in more traditional fact-based analysis. We include material on summarization of evaluative text and on broader issues regarding privacy, manipulation, and economic impact that the development of opinion-oriented information-access services gives rise to. To facilitate future work, a discussion of available resources, benchmark datasets, and evaluation campaigns is also provided.
Polariteit/Valentie automatisch bepalenA sentimental education: sentiment analysis using subjectivity summarization based on minimum cuts
Sentiment analysis seeks to identify the viewpoint(s) underlying a text span; an example application is classifying a movie review as "thumbs up" or "thumbs down". To determine this sentiment polarity, we propose a novel machine-learning method that applies text-categorization techniques to just the subjective portions of the document. Extracting these portions can be implemented using efficient techniques for finding minimum cuts in graphs; this greatly facilitates incorporation of cross-sentence contextual constraints.
This survey covers techniques and approaches that promise to directly enable opinion-oriented information-seeking systems. Our focus is on methods that seek to address the new challenges raised by sentiment-aware applications, as compared to those that are already present in more traditional fact-based analysis. We include material on summarization of evaluative text and on broader issues regarding privacy, manipulation, and economic impact that the development of opinion-oriented information-access services gives rise to. To facilitate future work, a discussion of available resources, benchmark datasets, and evaluation campaigns is also provided.
Polariteit/Valentie automatisch bepalenA sentimental education: sentiment analysis using subjectivity summarization based on minimum cuts
Sentiment analysis seeks to identify the viewpoint(s) underlying a text span; an example application is classifying a movie review as "thumbs up" or "thumbs down". To determine this sentiment polarity, we propose a novel machine-learning method that applies text-categorization techniques to just the subjective portions of the document. Extracting these portions can be implemented using efficient techniques for finding minimum cuts in graphs; this greatly facilitates incorporation of cross-sentence contextual constraints.
automatische kwaliteitsbepaling van forumposts
Assessing the quality of user generated content is an important problem for many web forums. While quality is currently assessed manually, we propose an algorithm to assess the quality of forum posts automatically and test it on data provided by Nabble.com. We use state-of-the-art classification techniques and experiment with five feature classes: Surface, Lexical, Syntactic, Forum specific and Similarity features. We achieve an accuracy of 89% on the task of automatically assessing post quality in the software domain using forum specific features. Without forum specific features, we achieve an accuracy of 82%.
Clues for detecting irony in user-generated contents: oh...!! it's "so easy" ;-)
We investigate the accuracy of a set of surface patterns in identifying ironic sentences in comments submitted by users to an on-line newspaper. The initial focus is on identifying irony in sentences containing positive predicates since these sentences are more exposed to irony, making their true polarity harder to recognize. We show that it is possible to find ironic sentences with relatively high precision (from 45% to 85%) by exploring certain oral or gestural clues in user comments, such as emoticons, onomatopoeic expressions for laughter, heavy punctuation marks, quotation marks and positive interjections. We also demonstrate that clues based on deeper linguistic information are relatively inefficient in capturing irony in user-generated content, which points to the need for exploring additional types of oral clues.
Topic-sentiment analysis for mass opinion
Clues for detecting irony in user-generated contents: oh...!! it's "so easy" ;-)
We investigate the accuracy of a set of surface patterns in identifying ironic sentences in comments submitted by users to an on-line newspaper. The initial focus is on identifying irony in sentences containing positive predicates since these sentences are more exposed to irony, making their true polarity harder to recognize. We show that it is possible to find ironic sentences with relatively high precision (from 45% to 85%) by exploring certain oral or gestural clues in user comments, such as emoticons, onomatopoeic expressions for laughter, heavy punctuation marks, quotation marks and positive interjections. We also demonstrate that clues based on deeper linguistic information are relatively inefficient in capturing irony in user-generated content, which points to the need for exploring additional types of oral clues.
Topic-sentiment analysis for mass opinion
corpusonderzoek en automatisering
Automatic creation of a reference corpus for political opinion mining in user-generated content
We propose and evaluate a method for automatically creating a reference corpus for training text classification procedures for mining political opinions in user-generated content. The process starts by compiling a collection of highly opinionated comments posted by users on an on-line newspaper. Then, we define and use a set of manually-crafted high-precision rules supported by a large sentiment-lexicon in order to identify sentences in each comment expressing opinions about political entities. Finally, the opinions found are propagated to the remainder sentences of the comment mentioning the same entities, thus increasing the number and variety of opinion-bearing sentences. Results show that most of the rules can identify negative opinions with very high precision, and these can be safely propagated to the remainder sentences in the comment in almost 100% of the cases. Due to problems arising from irony, the precision of identification drops for positive opinions, but several rules still reach high precision. Propagation of positive opinions is correct in about 77% of the cases, and most errors at this stage result from irony and polarity inversion throughout the comment.
We propose and evaluate a method for automatically creating a reference corpus for training text classification procedures for mining political opinions in user-generated content. The process starts by compiling a collection of highly opinionated comments posted by users on an on-line newspaper. Then, we define and use a set of manually-crafted high-precision rules supported by a large sentiment-lexicon in order to identify sentences in each comment expressing opinions about political entities. Finally, the opinions found are propagated to the remainder sentences of the comment mentioning the same entities, thus increasing the number and variety of opinion-bearing sentences. Results show that most of the rules can identify negative opinions with very high precision, and these can be safely propagated to the remainder sentences in the comment in almost 100% of the cases. Due to problems arising from irony, the precision of identification drops for positive opinions, but several rules still reach high precision. Propagation of positive opinions is correct in about 77% of the cases, and most errors at this stage result from irony and polarity inversion throughout the comment.
Travelreviews, survey
Use and Impact of Online Travel Reviews
Consumer-generated content (CGC) is growing in importance. Especially online travel reviews written by consumers are ever more available and used to inform travel-related decisions. A Web-based survey of users of the most prominent travel review site, TripAdvisor, was conducted to investigate how other travellers’ reviews inform the trip planning process. Since current CGC statistics show generational and gender differences, the study also aimed at examining whether those carry over into the realm of travel review use. The results show that reviews are used mostly to inform accommodation decisions and are currently not used much for en route travel planning. Gender differences were found for perceived impacts of reviews, with females reaping greater benefits from using reviews, especially in terms of enjoyment and idea generation. Age differences occurred across a variety of perceptions and use behaviours. Implications for travel marketing and travel information systems design are provided.
Consumer-generated content (CGC) is growing in importance. Especially online travel reviews written by consumers are ever more available and used to inform travel-related decisions. A Web-based survey of users of the most prominent travel review site, TripAdvisor, was conducted to investigate how other travellers’ reviews inform the trip planning process. Since current CGC statistics show generational and gender differences, the study also aimed at examining whether those carry over into the realm of travel review use. The results show that reviews are used mostly to inform accommodation decisions and are currently not used much for en route travel planning. Gender differences were found for perceived impacts of reviews, with females reaping greater benefits from using reviews, especially in terms of enjoyment and idea generation. Age differences occurred across a variety of perceptions and use behaviours. Implications for travel marketing and travel information systems design are provided.
effect van eWOM, polariteit, valentie ook
CyberPsychology & Behavior
How Consumers Evaluate eWOM (Electronic Word-of-Mouth) Messages
experiment
Sun-Jae Doh, M.S.
Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
Jang-Sun Hwang, Ph.D.
Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
Abstract
This experiment explored how consumers evaluate electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) messages about products. Each participant was exposed a 10-message set in a single board. Five groups were manipulated in terms of their ratios of positive and negative messages. The result showed significant differences across various sets of eWOM messages. Although more positive sets showed higher scores in many cases, this was not true in all situations, especially for the case of credibility. Involvement and prior knowledge partially moderated the relationship between the ratio of messages and the eWOM effect. The credibility of Web sites and eWOM messages can be damaged in the long run if all of the eWOM messages are positive.
How Consumers Evaluate eWOM (Electronic Word-of-Mouth) Messages
experiment
Sun-Jae Doh, M.S.
Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
Jang-Sun Hwang, Ph.D.
Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
Abstract
This experiment explored how consumers evaluate electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) messages about products. Each participant was exposed a 10-message set in a single board. Five groups were manipulated in terms of their ratios of positive and negative messages. The result showed significant differences across various sets of eWOM messages. Although more positive sets showed higher scores in many cases, this was not true in all situations, especially for the case of credibility. Involvement and prior knowledge partially moderated the relationship between the ratio of messages and the eWOM effect. The credibility of Web sites and eWOM messages can be damaged in the long run if all of the eWOM messages are positive.
eWOM, polariteit, reputatie
Information direction, website reputation and eWOM effect: A moderating role of product type
Abstract
This article examines how the electronic word of mouth (eWOM) information direction (positive vs. negative) and a website's reputation (established vs. unestablished) contribute to the eWOM effect. The article describes a study focusing on the moderating role of the product type (search vs. experience). The results of the experiment show that the eWOM effect is greater for negative eWOM than for positive eWOM, greater for established websites than for unestablished websites, and greater for experience goods than for search goods. The results support the moderating effects of product type on the eWOM information direction-website reputation-eWOM effect relationship. The impact of negative eWOM on the eWOM effect is greater for experience goods than for search goods. Similarly, the impact of website reputation on the eWOM effect is greater for experience goods than for search goods. The findings provide managerial implications for an Internet marketing strategy.
eveneens met valence:
LEE: Electronic word of mouth (eWOM): How eWOM platforms influence consumer product judgement
This study explores whether and how different online platforms to which electronic word of mouth (eWOM) communication is posted influence consumers judgements of reviewed products. Additionally, this study examines the moderating role of the valence of eWOM on the platformsconsumer product judgement relationship. Our findings indicated that, other things being equal, participants exposed to the review posted on the personal blog were more likely to attribute the review to circumstances and less likely to recommend the product to friends than those who were exposed to the review either on the independent review website or the brands website. The effect of the eWOM platforms on consumer willingness to recommend the product to friends was found only when the review was positive. When the review was negative, however, there were detrimental effects on consumer willingness to recommend the product to friends regardless of the eWOM platform. Practical and theoretical implications of the findings were discussed.
Abstract
This article examines how the electronic word of mouth (eWOM) information direction (positive vs. negative) and a website's reputation (established vs. unestablished) contribute to the eWOM effect. The article describes a study focusing on the moderating role of the product type (search vs. experience). The results of the experiment show that the eWOM effect is greater for negative eWOM than for positive eWOM, greater for established websites than for unestablished websites, and greater for experience goods than for search goods. The results support the moderating effects of product type on the eWOM information direction-website reputation-eWOM effect relationship. The impact of negative eWOM on the eWOM effect is greater for experience goods than for search goods. Similarly, the impact of website reputation on the eWOM effect is greater for experience goods than for search goods. The findings provide managerial implications for an Internet marketing strategy.
eveneens met valence:
LEE: Electronic word of mouth (eWOM): How eWOM platforms influence consumer product judgement
This study explores whether and how different online platforms to which electronic word of mouth (eWOM) communication is posted influence consumers judgements of reviewed products. Additionally, this study examines the moderating role of the valence of eWOM on the platformsconsumer product judgement relationship. Our findings indicated that, other things being equal, participants exposed to the review posted on the personal blog were more likely to attribute the review to circumstances and less likely to recommend the product to friends than those who were exposed to the review either on the independent review website or the brands website. The effect of the eWOM platforms on consumer willingness to recommend the product to friends was found only when the review was positive. When the review was negative, however, there were detrimental effects on consumer willingness to recommend the product to friends regardless of the eWOM platform. Practical and theoretical implications of the findings were discussed.
eWOM versus forummededelignen
Abstract
Through Web-based consumer opinion platforms (e.g., epinions.com), the Internet enables customers to share their opinions on, and experiences with, goods and services with a multitude of other consumers; that is, to engage in electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) communication. Drawing on findings from research on virtual communities and traditional word-of-mouth literature, a typology for motives of consumer online articulation is developed. Using an online sample of some 2,000 consumers, information on the structure and relevance of the motives of consumers' online articulations is generated. The resulting analysis suggests that consumers' desire for social interaction, desire for economic incentives, their concern for other consumers, and the potential to enhance their own self-worth are the primary factors leading to eWOM behavior. Further, eWOM providers can be grouped based on what motivates their behavior, suggesting that firms may need to develop different strategies for encouraging eWOM behavior among their users.
Through Web-based consumer opinion platforms (e.g., epinions.com), the Internet enables customers to share their opinions on, and experiences with, goods and services with a multitude of other consumers; that is, to engage in electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) communication. Drawing on findings from research on virtual communities and traditional word-of-mouth literature, a typology for motives of consumer online articulation is developed. Using an online sample of some 2,000 consumers, information on the structure and relevance of the motives of consumers' online articulations is generated. The resulting analysis suggests that consumers' desire for social interaction, desire for economic incentives, their concern for other consumers, and the potential to enhance their own self-worth are the primary factors leading to eWOM behavior. Further, eWOM providers can be grouped based on what motivates their behavior, suggesting that firms may need to develop different strategies for encouraging eWOM behavior among their users.
Word of mouth
Effect van negatieve WOM - artikel (oud)
Word-of-mouth meest betrouwbare vorm van reclame
70% van WOM-mers zijn geen early adopters of innovators! Hoe die te bereiken?
Word-of-mouth meest betrouwbare vorm van reclame
70% van WOM-mers zijn geen early adopters of innovators! Hoe die te bereiken?
cross-cultural en aanpassingen in tests
hier een artikel over cross-culturele aanpassingen van toetsen en tests
en hier een over overzicht in het veld
Language and language use are such pervasive yet unobtrusive features of cross-cultural psychological research that their impact on studies is often underestimated or overlooked. In this paper three major aspects of language use in cross-cultural psychological research are discussed: (a) language as a field of study, (b) language of tests or measuring instruments as a methodological problem in studies, and (c) language as a medium in which studies are done and communicated. The paper provides a brief overview of language related research and methodology in cross-cultural psychology.
pdf uit Heidelberg over current issues, en ook toepassing op werkgebieden (werkvloer, etc.)
hier een ppt met inleiding op taal en cultuur (beetje obligaat, maar wel met relevante aandachtspunten) (ook over sapir worff)
en hier een over overzicht in het veld
Language and language use are such pervasive yet unobtrusive features of cross-cultural psychological research that their impact on studies is often underestimated or overlooked. In this paper three major aspects of language use in cross-cultural psychological research are discussed: (a) language as a field of study, (b) language of tests or measuring instruments as a methodological problem in studies, and (c) language as a medium in which studies are done and communicated. The paper provides a brief overview of language related research and methodology in cross-cultural psychology.
pdf uit Heidelberg over current issues, en ook toepassing op werkgebieden (werkvloer, etc.)
hier een ppt met inleiding op taal en cultuur (beetje obligaat, maar wel met relevante aandachtspunten) (ook over sapir worff)
Cross-cultural and Language
Artikel over relatie taal en cultuur gebruik van pronomina
Culture and LanguageThe Case of Cultural Dimensionsand Personal Pronoun Use
The relationship between culture and language was examined across 39 languages spoken in 71 cultures. Correlations were computed across languages and cultures between the use of first- and second-person singular pronouns (e.g., "I" and "you") and global cultural dimensions such as Individualism, which were previously extracted in large-scale cross-cultural surveys. The personal pronouns were analyzed in terms of the number of first- and second-person singular pronouns and whether the pronouns can be dropped when used as the subject of a sentence in speech. Cultures with pronoun drop languages tended to be less Individualistic than those with nonpronoun drop languages. The number of personal pronouns correlated with some cultural dimensions that reflected different conceptions of the person. Personal deixis (person-indexing pronouns) may provide a window through which cultural practices can be investigated.
Culture and LanguageThe Case of Cultural Dimensionsand Personal Pronoun Use
The relationship between culture and language was examined across 39 languages spoken in 71 cultures. Correlations were computed across languages and cultures between the use of first- and second-person singular pronouns (e.g., "I" and "you") and global cultural dimensions such as Individualism, which were previously extracted in large-scale cross-cultural surveys. The personal pronouns were analyzed in terms of the number of first- and second-person singular pronouns and whether the pronouns can be dropped when used as the subject of a sentence in speech. Cultures with pronoun drop languages tended to be less Individualistic than those with nonpronoun drop languages. The number of personal pronouns correlated with some cultural dimensions that reflected different conceptions of the person. Personal deixis (person-indexing pronouns) may provide a window through which cultural practices can be investigated.
cross-cultural psychology
Defintie
Culture refers to many characteristics of a group of people, including attitudes, behaviors, customs and values that are transmitted from one generation to the next (Matsumoto, 2000). Cultures throughout the world share many similarities, but are marked by considerable differences. For example, while people of all cultures experiences happiness, how this feeling is expressed varies from one culture to the next. The goal of cross-cultural psychologists is to look at both universal behaviors and unique behaviors to identify the ways in which culture impacts our behavior, family life, education, social experiences and other areas.
Culture refers to many characteristics of a group of people, including attitudes, behaviors, customs and values that are transmitted from one generation to the next (Matsumoto, 2000). Cultures throughout the world share many similarities, but are marked by considerable differences. For example, while people of all cultures experiences happiness, how this feeling is expressed varies from one culture to the next. The goal of cross-cultural psychologists is to look at both universal behaviors and unique behaviors to identify the ways in which culture impacts our behavior, family life, education, social experiences and other areas.
maandag 16 januari 2012
Sorry
Stamsneijder ook in Ad link hier
Hier tips over sorry zeggen: communicatietips
Sorry zeggen wordt overschat - Nu.wetenschap
Psychological Science over Sorry en voorspellingen?
Apologies Fail to Live Up to Our Expectations Scientific American
De enige conclusie die kan trekken is dat in een laboratorium experiment "mensen die zich een excuus hebben ingebeeld, veel meer waarde hechten aan de verontschuldiging dan de proefpersonen die daadwerkelijk een excuusbriefje hebben gekregen".
De wetenschappers geven zelf al aan dat in de werkelijkheid andere factoren een rol spelen en dat hun conclusie een suggestie is.
Kortom een mooi rapport voor onder in de la en nooit meer aan refereren.
Lees meer: http://www.nujij.nl/wetenschap/sorry-zeggen-wordt-overschat.11142388.lynkx#ixzz1jf8cLLqT
Compleet eens met de conclusie van DownTheDrain. Het zou fijn zijn als wetenschappers zich gaan realiseren dat hun conclusies uit een onderzoek vaak geen relatie hebben met het onderzoek. De enige conclusie die je uit dit onderzoek kan maken is: "Als je excuses wilt maken heeft het vrijwel geen zin om dat met een briefje te doen. Waarschijnlijk komt dat omdat het niet voldoet aan de verwachting die iemand heeft over hoe excuses zouden gemaakt moeten worden. Dat hebben we helaas niet onderzocht, dus blijft het raden."
Lees meer: http://www.nujij.nl/wetenschap/sorry-zeggen-wordt-overschat.11142388.lynkx#ixzz1jf8kSUZX
Hier tips over sorry zeggen: communicatietips
Sorry zeggen wordt overschat - Nu.wetenschap
Psychological Science over Sorry en voorspellingen?
Apologies Fail to Live Up to Our Expectations Scientific American
De enige conclusie die kan trekken is dat in een laboratorium experiment "mensen die zich een excuus hebben ingebeeld, veel meer waarde hechten aan de verontschuldiging dan de proefpersonen die daadwerkelijk een excuusbriefje hebben gekregen".
De wetenschappers geven zelf al aan dat in de werkelijkheid andere factoren een rol spelen en dat hun conclusie een suggestie is.
Kortom een mooi rapport voor onder in de la en nooit meer aan refereren.
Lees meer: http://www.nujij.nl/wetenschap/sorry-zeggen-wordt-overschat.11142388.lynkx#ixzz1jf8cLLqT
Compleet eens met de conclusie van DownTheDrain. Het zou fijn zijn als wetenschappers zich gaan realiseren dat hun conclusies uit een onderzoek vaak geen relatie hebben met het onderzoek. De enige conclusie die je uit dit onderzoek kan maken is: "Als je excuses wilt maken heeft het vrijwel geen zin om dat met een briefje te doen. Waarschijnlijk komt dat omdat het niet voldoet aan de verwachting die iemand heeft over hoe excuses zouden gemaakt moeten worden. Dat hebben we helaas niet onderzocht, dus blijft het raden."
Lees meer: http://www.nujij.nl/wetenschap/sorry-zeggen-wordt-overschat.11142388.lynkx#ixzz1jf8kSUZX
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